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The high content of alkaline earth metals and volatile matter as well as low content of sulfur and nitrogen in the co-combustion of coal and biomass can reduce pollutant gas emissions. (13−16) Molcan et al. (17) demonstrated the reduction in SO X emissions by co-firing coal with biomass at different blend ratios ranging from 0 to 20% …
Most important are the heat value, sulfur, and moisture contents of the coal. The heat value is reflected in the rank of the coal, which is measured in British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb). In southwestern Wyoming, the heat values average 10,000 Btu/lb (as-received raw coal sample, not heat dried or baked).
Two coal samples were used for analysis: NE coal, which has a high organic-sulfur content, and lignite and calcined coke (CC). Within 7 days, native R. ruber strains reduced the total sulfur content in the NE coal sample by 36%, of which organic sulfur accounted for 53%. The decrease in the sulfur content in Indian lignite and CC …
Coal varies by heat content, SO 2 content, HCl content, and mercury content among other characteristics. To capture differences in the sulfur and heat content of coal, a two letter coal grade nomenclature is used. The first letter indicates the coal rank (i.e., bituminous, subbituminous, or lignite) with their
Coal varies by heat content, SO 2 content, HCl content, and mercury content among other characteristics. To capture differences in the sulfur and heat content of coal, a two …
Based on the blast furnace thermochemical model, the effect of increasing the coal sulfur content from 0.94% to 1.4% on the performance of the blast furnace has been calculated (Oshnock, 1995b). An increase in slag volume from 285 to 308 kg/t-hot metal is needed in order to maintain constant sulfur content of 0.056% in the hot metal.
Bituminous coal is divided into three major types: smithing coal, cannel coal, and coking coal. Smithing coal has very low ash content, and is ideal for forges, where metals are heated and shaped. ... Other Toxic Emissions Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are also released when coal is burned. These contribute to acid rain, smog, ...
Sulfur content of the coal has been correlated to fabric filter operation. The cohesiveness of ash produced from high-sulfur coals is greater than from Western low-sulfur coals (Elliot, 1989). Also, maintaining the baghouse above the acid dew point is critical in high-sulfur coal applications.
Low-sulfur coal generally contains 1 percent or less sulfur by weight. For air quality standards, "low sulfur coal" contains 0.6 pounds or less sulfur per million Btu, which is equivalent to 1.2 pounds of sulfur dioxide per million Btu. Metallurgical coal (or coking coal) meets the requirements for making coke. It must have a low ash and sulfur ...
The sulfur contents in coal samples were tested by industrial analysis methods according to the Chinese Nation standards (GB/T 215-2003 and GB/T 214-2007). As shown in Table 2, the sulfur content of Guizhou coal is in the range of 0.97–8.82% and that of Shanxi coal is between 0.34 and 8.14%. The coal samples were classified based …
As the necessity for extending mining depths has grown, the mining of sulfur content coal seams has been significantly increased. Therefore, study of the effects of the sulfur on coal spontaneous combustion has become increasingly vital. Three forms of sulfur exist in coal: pyrite, sulfate and organic sulfur (Lu and Liu 1999). Pyrite plays a ...
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure the land after the overburden has been replaced., Exlain why the restoration of the land would likely be more difficult in an arid climate., Describe one environmental impact that the sulfur content of the remaining coal and the tailings …
materials of known sulfur content based on the range of sulfur in each coal or coke sample analyzed. 4. Significance and Use 4.1 Determination of sulfur is, by definition, part of the ultimate analysis of coal. 4.2 Results of the sulfur analysis are used to serve a number of interests: evaluation of coal preparation, evaluation of
and Illinois Basin coal is the electrical-power industry, coal quality, especially sulfur content, is an important consideration for its marketability. In the Appalachian Basin, high-sulfur coal deposits in western Pennsylvania and Ohio are in low demand when .
Anthracite is the highest quality coal, as it has a carbon content of more than 90% and the highest calorific value. Physically it is one of the hardest types of coal; the carbon content of bituminous coal is in the range of 70%–75% [7]. Sulfur and nitrogen are also present in …
Fossil fuels such as coal contain sulfur in two inorganic forms, pyritic sulfur (FeS2) and sulfates (Na2SO4, CaSO4, FeSO4), and organic forms such as sulfides, mercaptans, bisulfides, etc. Typically coal contains anywhere …
A major problem associated with the burning of bituminous coal is air pollution.Burning bituminous coal with a high sulfur content releases sulfur oxides into the air. Under certain conditions, nitrogen present in coal is also released in the form of nitrogen oxides. When moisture in the atmosphere reacts with these gases, acids such as sulfuric acid …
The main form of sulfur in coal is pyrite sulfur, followed by organic sulfur, and sulfate sulfur the lowest. According to statistics, among high-sulfur coal whose average sulfur content is 3.76 %, pyrite sulfur content is 1.61 %, organic is 1.04 % and sulfate is 0.11 % (Luo et al. 2005; Zhang 2005).
Coal can be termed as low sulfur (<1 % sulfur content), medium sulfur (1 %–<3 % sulfur content) and high sulfur coals (>3 % sulfur content) based on their sulfur contents (Chou 2012). In addition to high sulfur content, northeastern coals have a high content of volatile matter and vitrinite contents, yielding double the amount of tar in ...
The most abundant form in the United States is bituminous coal, which has a high sulfur content becauseof the presence of small particles of pyrite (FeS 2). The combustion of coal releases the sulfur in FeS 2 as SO …
The proportion of pyritic to organic sulfur changes through the seam. The amount of pyritic sulfur is greater in Springfield coal than in Danville coal. Vitrinite content of the Springfield coal is about 86 percent, and liptinite …
emitted from boilers fueled on coal or oil is primarily inorganic in nature. 1.1.3.2 Sulfur Oxides4-Gaseous SO x from coal combustion are primarily sulfur dioxide (SO 2), with a much lower quantity of sulfur trioxide (SO 3) and gaseous sulfates. These compounds form as the organic and pyritic sulfur in the coal are oxidized during the ...
The average sulfur content sulfur content of coal provided to electric utilities was approximately 2.5 percent. From FPC records (which have been kept since February 1973) the average sulfur content of coals delivered each month to electric utilities was 2.3 percent until May 1974 when it rose to 2.4 percent. In commenting on this increase in ...
The results show that the content of total sulfur in the Upper Paleozoic coal seams ranges from 0.19% to 12.36%. The morphological sulfur in coal is mostly pyrite sulfur, followed by organic ...
The morphological sulfur and total sulfur in coal were tested following the Chinese standards GB/T 214-2007 and GB/T 215-2003, and a coulometric sulfur analyzer was used to measure the content of total sulfur in coal. A 0.05 g portion of a coal sample was weighed, covered with a thin layer of tungsten trioxide, and then was automatically …
Sulfur abundance in coals is controlled primarily by depositional environments. Sulfur isotopic evidence indicates a seawater source for sulfur in high-sulfur coal. …
1 gallon of heating oil (with sulfur content at 15 to 500 parts per million) = 138,500 Btu. 1 barrel of residual fuel oil = 6,287,000 Btu. 1 cubic foot of natural gas = 1,036 Btu. 1 gallon of propane = 91,452 Btu. 1 short ton (2,000 pounds) of coal (consumed by the electric power sector) = 18,820,000 Btu.
The sulfur content is related to the depositional environment in which the coal was formed. In China, the sulfur content of coal is lower in northern regions, and gradually increases towards the south. Sulfur in coal is harmful during coking, gasification, combustion, storage, and transport. The sulfur content is therefore an important ...
Sulfur content is determined by the conditions under which the coal is formed. Low-sulfur coal deposits develop in freshwater environments; high-sulfur deposits come from brackish swamps or marine-influenced environments . In the United States, the sulfur content of coal varies along geographic lines, with most—though not all— …
The total sulphur in coal varies in the range of 0.2-11 wt %, although in most cases it is beetwen 1 and 3 wt %. Sulphur occurs in a variety of both inorganic and organic forms. Inorganic sulphur ...
The amount of heat contributed by the combustion of sulfur in coal is relatively small, because the heating value of sulfur is only about 4,000 Btu per pound, and the sulfur content of coal generally averages 1 to 2 percent by weight.
The use of recently developed additives, such as dibasic acid, formic acid and magnesium compounds improves SO2 removal efficiencies, especially for high-sulfur coal.
The most important characteristic of coal is its sul fur content. Information regarding the sulfur content is required both in metallurgy and when burning coal as a fuel. Sulfur …
The total sulfur content of 81 coal samples collected from the Upper Paleozoic in North China ranges from 0.19% to 12.36%, of which the total sulfur content of Shanxi Formation coal seam ranges from 0.19% to …
In the U.S., coal from eastern states including Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West ia has higher sulfur content, accounting for 3 to 10 percent of the coal's weight; coal from western states such as Wyoming, Montana, Utah, and Colorado can have sulfur contents that make up less than 1 percent of its weight. However, low-sulfur coal is ...
Abundance and forms of sulfur in coal. The sulfur content in coals varies considerably but is most commonly within the range of 0.5% to 5% total sulfur. The coal …
The Fire Clay coal is a high-calorific-value, mediumash, low-sulfur coal that is blended with other low-sulfur coals to meet current SO 2 emission standards (table 2). Resource estimates show that 5.1 bst remain of the original 6.3 bst (table 1); most of the remaining resource is in Leslie and Knott Counties, KY, and Boone County, WV.
High-ash Indian coals are primarily used as thermal coal in power plants and industries. Due to the presence of sulfur in thermal coal, flue gas is a major environmental concern. Conventional methods (Ultimate Analysis of Coal) for sulfur content estimation are time-consuming, relatively costly, and destructive. In this study, Fourier-transform …
Three forms of sulfur occur in coal: (1) organic, (2) inorganic, and (3) elemental. Understanding the forms of sulfur in a coal is important because coal preparation can reduce the inorganic (pyritic and sulfate) sulfur in coal, but not the …
Low-sulfur coal generally contains 1 percent or less sulfur by weight. For air quality standards, "low sulfur coal" contains 0.6 pounds or less sulfur per million Btu, which is equivalent to 1.2 pounds of sulfur dioxide per million Btu. ... It must have a low ash and sulfur content and form a coke that is capable of supporting the charge of ...