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Extensive LCA work has been done on coal use, particularly in electricity generation, but, the coal mining stage has been neglected, for the most part. This has resulted in data gaps in the life cycle inventory (LCI) of coal and, consequently, in the LCIs for electricity and other products that are linked to coal.
The coal supply chain consists of two stages: coal mining and coal transportation. Biomass chipping is considered to be conducted at the power plant to account for cost and ... Fuel requirement for coal …
China has become the primary energy consumer in the world, consuming 48.2% of the world's coal in 2010. Of this percentage, 48.0% of China's coal consumption is used by the power generation industry, which causes unavoidable environmental problems in the country. This paper presents complete life cycle modeling and a comparative …
Local life-cycle inventory (LCI) databases for coal-based methanol are fundamental to environmental impact analyses and will facilitate the sustainable development of the Chinese coal-based chemical industry. ... and gas exploitation and processing have lower environmental impacts than do coal mining and processing. …
Data source for life cycle inventory (LCI) The main source of data in mining LCA studies has been the information directly obtained from mining companies. This has been collected in several ways, usually through technical visits, interviews and surveys. ... Application of a life cycle assessment to compare environmental performance in coal …
A Life cycle Inventory (LCI) study. ... to efficiency, age, capacity, and distance from the coal mining loca-tion. The results were also compared with NGCC by Agrawal et al.
Abstract. This paper presents a novel approach to environmental assessment of coal mining operations, which enables assessment of the factors that are both directly and indirectly affecting the environment and are associated with the …
called as often Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). LCI step is to construct the data set consisting of the energy and raw materials used and emissions to the environment. ... [13], as activity of domestic coal mining in Korea contributes merely to 3% of power generation. Data from 13 power plants with a production of 32,839 GWh in 1996 are used for ...
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is one of the phases of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). ... electricity are assumed to replace coal mining and combustion for electricity generation. The difference between the environmental burden associated with the coal and process gas combustion are then credited, or in some cases debited, to the steel LCI. ...
4.2 LCI (life cycle inventory) ... purposes auxiliary units were also used in the form of Mg of coal produced and GJ of energy obtained from the coal that was produced. Inventory data are ... Kryzia D, Kryzia K (2017) Assessment of sustainable development of hard coal mining industry in Poland with use of bootstrap sampling and …
Babbitt and Lindner (2005) conducted a study on the life cycle inventory of coal used for four electricity power plants in Florida and found that for 1000 kg coal combusted, 9.68 GJ electricity ...
The coal mining, ammonia synthesis, and coal railway transportation stages contributed 39.6 MJ, 14.9 MJ, and 0.2018 MJ, respectively. From a life cycle point of view, 45.04 MJ of fossil energy was exhausted for 1 kg of liquid ammonia produced in the coke oven gas-based route (R2).
The 2019 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data summarises thousands of data points collected from over 200 sites worldwide across the entire industrial value chain. Due to the increase in reporters and improved data granularity – more regional datasets are now available for mining and refining. The global Life Cycle Impact Assessment is based on ...
Life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) compiles and quantifies inputs and outputs across the course of its life cycle. Life cycle impact analysis (LCIA) detects and analyzes a process's environmental impact during its life cycle. ... Coal mining. Coal is mined in two ways: surface and underground. Coal mining is a complex activity that involves ...
Systematic LCI on mining activities is needed for more accurate LCA.In this paper, a database to estimate LCI on the mining and mineral processing activities is …
After mining, copper is produced by one of two process routes: pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical. ... Hard coal 4,800 17,000 MJ Lignite 580 2,600 MJ Natural gas 2,700 11,000 MJ Uranium 200 1,500 MJ ... Inventory LCI is a key step in the LCA process. The LCI catalogues all the environmental inputs and
The shortage of LCA studies on mining is alarming because it does not only undermine the LCI databases that have been developed so far (Awuah-Offei and Adekpedjou, 2011), but also affects the quality of LCA results (Lesage et al., 2008). The only LCI report available on large scale sandstone mining is also limited to quarrying data …
The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data that was obtained for Mine A open-low (per supplied coal product) and converted to suite the units of the Resource Impact Indicator (RII) framework (see Fig. 3) are shown in Table 1. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results for the midpoint categories of Fig. 3 are shown in Table 2.
Bangladesh needs local Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases to assist informed high-impact policymaking since product and process sustainability …
The chain from unexploited coal-to-liquid hydrocarbon product is divided into four processes: coal mining, coal washing and selection, coal transport and coal-to-liquid hydrocarbon production. Lacking data on the manufacturing and decommissioning of various equipment and plants, they are not included in the life cycle of this research.
Published: 06 January 2018. Life cycle assessment of opencast coal mine production: a case study in Yimin mining area in China. Li Zhang, Jinman Wang & Yu Feng. …
The estimate shows that the total CO 2 emission of the coal chemical industry in 2015 was 607 million tonnes (Mt), accounting for approximately 5.71% of China's total CO 2 emission. The figure is higher than the total annual CO 2 emission of a country such as Canada (555 Mt) or Brazil (486 Mt). Quantifying the emission of the coal …
This has resulted in data gaps in the life cycle inventory (LCI) of coal and, consequently, in the LCIs for electricity and other products that are linked to coal.
A life-cycle inventory (LCI) is developed considering all inputs and outputs to assess and compare the environmental impacts of both systems for 16 impact indicators.
The updated life cycle inventory (LCI) covers material and energy flows associated with nickel ore mining and beneficiation, battery-grade NiSO 4 production, and Class 1 nickel production. ... coal, residual oil, natural gas, and liquefied natural gas from the NI LCA study were converted into energy values (in MJ) based on their
The specific objectives of this work are to inventory relevant inputs and emissions involved throughout the entire life cycle of coal, from its mining to its …
Applying results of exergy analysis in the life cycle inventory (LCI) ... In this comparative coal mining study, based on the EIO-LCA model [26] Bernardi [25] reported that the amount of emissions from mining 1 ton of coal in the US model is 1.29 times higher than the emissions produced using the Canadian model. This means that for a ton of ...
3.1.1 Group 1 – mining and beneficiation as a single stage. Most of the studies considered beneficiation altogether with the mining operation. For example, Awuah-Offei and Adekpedjou carried out a review scrutinising the very first LCAs applied to the mining sector.This work is focused on the extraction stage, and it mentions the …
INVENTORY DATA FOR THE WORLDWIDE PRIMARY ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY MARCH 2003. International Aluminium Institute Year 2000 aluminium LCI report for the International Aluminium Institute – March 2003 2 ... Coal 31.6%; Oil 0.8%; Natural Gas 9.0%; and Nuclear 6.1%. Data related to the transport of materials were not covered in this Report. …
This study follows the four steps of LCA: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation. ... database for Chinese coal was used which consists of coal extraction and an average transport distance from the coal mine to the location of use. Table S1 lists the LCI for coal GAC ...
The coal supply chain consists of two stages: coal mining and coal transportation. ... from U.S. life cycle inventory (LCI) database in SimaPro, and details of the calculation are pr ovided in.
inventory (LCI) items are calculated as the functional unit's ... The results of the study show that the scope limitations on coal mining use cradle to gate and are still limited to midpoint ...
