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In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production processes has also …
In China, BOF slag accounts for about 70% of the annual steel slag production (Cheng and Yang, 2010).In the BOF process (Fig. 1), minor steel scrap and a large amount of molten iron from ironmaking as well as fluxes (lime/dolomite) are added into the furnace, and a 99% pure oxygen flow is applied at supersonic speed through a lance …
2.1 Materials. A good brick earth, which is available as a natural resource, usually consist of 50–60% of silica, 20–30% of alumina, 5% of lime and 5–6% of oxide of iron [].However, for non-fired green bricks which can be made by using industrial wastes, materials to be used includes iron ore tailings (IOT), slag sand, fly ash and ground …
When the ratio of iron tailings powder to mineral admixtures (slag powder and iron tailings powder) is less than 50%, the compressive strength of concrete with different ages has little difference from that with single slag powder, The maximum reduction of compressive strength of C30 and C50 concrete at 28d was only 2.0 and 10.2% …
Abstract. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a by-product from the blast-furnaces used to make iron. Blast-furnaces are fed with controlled mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone, and operated at a temperature of about 1,500°C. When iron-ore, coke and limestone melt in the blast furnace, two products are produced—molten iron ...
Many studies have been conducted on the possibilities of reuse of iron and steel slags in concrete and this paper aims to provide an overview on …
Steel slag (SS) and Iron slag (IS) is a waste product from the steel and iron industries that have been used to replace aggregates in concrete. This study reviews …
The high Ca content and low quantity of iron oxide makes BF slag suitable for use in slag-cement blends. Air-cooled BF slag is used in road construction as a substitute for stones, aggregates and chips, while the granulated BF slag is used in cement manufacturing which can substitute about 50% of the clinkers in cement manufacture …
Using steel slag in concrete ultimately reduces the amount of waste generated by the steel industry. Industrial waste is highly contaminating, so giving it a new value is a great way to contribute ...
Slag cement manufacturing begins in an iron blast furnace. (Photo courtesy of Slag Cement Association and St. Marys Cement) Manufacturing slag. Slag is a byproduct of smelting iron ore as part of the steel manufacturing process. Iron and many other types of metal ores found organically are impure and contain traces of other …
The application of steel slag in asphalt concrete also gives good performance [21,22]; however, the use of steel slag as a construction material has been a problem, because free CaO abundant in steel slag in contact with water transforms into Ca(OH) 2 . Moreover, steel slag could be subjected to various treatments.
blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Air-cooled iron slag and steel slag are used primarily as aggregates in concrete (air-cooled iron slag only); asphaltic paving, fill, and road bases; both slag types also can be used as a feed for cement kilns. Almost all GGBFS is used as a partial substitute for portland cement in concrete mixes or in blended cements.
10.2.2 Blast furnace slag. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a by-product from iron production in blast furnaces, which are fed by a mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone. In the process, the iron ore is reduced to iron while all remaining materials form the slag, which is tapped off as a molten liquid and cooled.
The optimum cement paste mix (80% steel slag and 20% cement, with 0.1 mol/L EDTA solution) achieved maximum compressive strength of 14 MPa and CO 2 uptake of 8.7% after 28 days of accelerated carbonation. Results demonstrated that the use of high-volume steel slag as a cementitious material has great potential in non-structural building ...
pH. Due to the effects of the limestone it contains, the pH of iron and steel slag increases to 10 – 12 when it reacts with water, indicating alkalinity that is the same or lower than that of recycled concrete base course material and cement-stabilized soil. Because the soil in Japan is generally acidic, the alkali components that dissolve ...
A. Blast-furnace slag is the nonmetallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases that develop in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. Granulated slag is the glassy, granular material formed when molten slag is rapidly chilled. Slag cement or GGBFS is granulated blast ...
Cement mortar of mix proportion 1:3 including various percentages of iron slag was designed. The percentages of replacement were 0%, 40%, 80% and by weight of fine aggregate.
slag (GGBFS). Air-cooled iron slag and steel slag are used primarily as aggregates in concrete (air-cooled iron slag only); asphaltic paving, fill, and road bases; both slag types also can be used as a feed for cement kilns. Almost all GGBFS is used as a partial substitute for portland cement in concrete mixes or in blended cements.
Iron making slag is obtained during iron extraction and is rich in limestone or dolomite, which is a feedstock in steel making. BOF (BOF) slag, which is generated …
Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) results in production of GGBS which is a by- product of iron industry and have the potential to replace cement in concrete. Thus, …
The viability of combining waste slag produced from steel (Basic Oxygen furnace) and iron (Blast Furnace) industry as replacement of cement in cement mortars was investigated. The impacts on the normal consistency, setting times, soundness, compressive strength, microstructure, and durability of cement paste/mortar were …
This potentially expansive nature (volume changes of up to 10 percent or more attributable to the hydration of calcium and magnesium oxides) could cause difficulties with products containing steel slag, and is one reason why steel slag aggregates are not suitable for use in Portland cement concrete or as compacted fill beneath concrete slabs ...
Contact. Blast furnace slag is a secondary aggregate used widely in construction because of its performance attributes and durability. Slag aggregates produced by Tarmac are supplied as CE marked products under the Factory production control process of ISO 9001:2008 for the production of products to BS EN 12342 - Aggregates for Unbound and ...
Industrial by-product utilization in concrete has been an important choice of researchers over the years (Khan et al., 2016; Qasrawi, 2014).Steel slag has been utilized as aggregate/cementing material in concrete by various researchers over the years (Faraone et al., 2009).Recycling of metallurgical by-products will ensure the sustainable …
Slag of iron and steel used as aggregates for asphalt roads can be recovered as by-products. The steel slag is a residue of the production process of steel. ... Capitão S.D. Influence of recycled concrete and steel slag aggregates on warm-mix asphalt properties. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018; 185:684–696. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.041.
During steel production, the impurities in the hot metal react with the fluxes forming the steel slag. Chemical constituents of this steel slag (SS) are relevant to iron/steelmaking or blended cement manufacture. Harmful impurities present in it, however, limit its recycling to these applications. Japan, Europe, and the US consume a significant …
The fresh density of steel slag aggregate concrete has been reported to be between 2255 kg/m 3 and 2698 kg/m 3.The density based on the hardening age like 3, 7, 28 days has also been measured and the collective observation was that at all ages, there is an increase of density.
The use of slag cement as a cementitious material dates back to 1774, when a mortar was made using slag cement in combination with slaked lime (Mather 1957). In 1862, a …
The acid then dissolves other metals and can contaminate drinking water, disrupt the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants and animals, and even corrode parts of infrastructures such as bridges. But as our recent research shows, the high calcium content of slag can actually neutralize the acid from acid mine drainage, much like the antacid ...
Air-cooled iron slag and steel slag are used primarily as aggregates in concrete (air-cooled iron slag only); asphaltic paving, fill, and road bases; both slag types also can be used …
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been constantly in use as cement replacement for sustainable infrastructure. GGBS is a waste product from the iron industry, which can be used as a substitute for cement. GGBS can be used as a substitute cementitious material, reducing cement consumption and reducing cost of …
Maslehuddin et al. [89] also reported higher values of pulse velocity of steel slag composed concrete compared to crushed limestone concretes. At 90 days of testing, a 2.81% rise in pulse velocity ...
The main plants in steel slag production are İskenderun iron and steel plant with 1.131.695 tons, Osmaniye iron and steel plant with 619.819 tons and Kocaeli iron …
For concrete with 30% of Iron slag, the specific heat was higher than the control mix by 14.58% and 12.28% for M II-30S and M III-30S mixes, respectively. The explanation for high specific heat of concrete with iron slag could be due to high porosity of iron slag which has a positive correlation with specific heat [47].
The substitution of the cement by slag provides two clear advantages; the first one is the use of a waste that must be managed in a landfill, and the second one, ... Thivya J. Effect of copper slag, iron slag and recycled concrete aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete. Resour. Policy. 2017; 53:219–225. doi: ...
The bulk of the cement industry's environmental burden is from the calcareous source. Calcium is mostly available naturally as limestone (CaCO 3), where almost half of the mass is eventually released as CO 2 during clinker manufacture. Iron (Fe) is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust surpassed only by oxygen, silicon, and …
Slag cement begins in an iron ore furnace. Photo provided by Slag Cement Association and St. Mary's Cement. Slag cement is generally ground to less than 45 microns and has a specific gravity in the range of 2.85 to 2.95. Slag is generally used in higher percentages than fly ash, commonly constituting between 30% and 45% of the …